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The Croatian Shepherd Dog, also known as the Croatian Sheepdog, has a rich history reaching deep into the past. The earliest written records date back to 1374, when Petar, Bishop of Đakovo, noted that the Croats brought a black dog from their ancestral homeland. This dog, about 45 cm tall, with a lively temperament and moderately long to curly hair, was named Canis pastoralis croaticus or Croatian Shepherd Dog. Some authors believe these dogs are descendants of the so-called Pfahlbauhund ("pile-dwelling dog")—an ancient dog type living in Neolithic stilt settlements across Central Europe.
Over the centuries, the Croatian Shepherd Dog adapted to the needs of Croatian herders, evolving into a versatile working dog. Its role in herding sheep and cattle was crucial for the survival and prosperity of rural communities. Interestingly, the breed's appearance and characteristics remained relatively unchanged from the 14th to the 18th century, testifying to its perfect adaptation to local conditions.
A turning point occurred in 1935, when Otto Rohr began systematic breeding of the Croatian Shepherd Dog. His efforts led to official FCI recognition in 1969, giving the breed its rightful place among world dog breeds.
The Croatian Shepherd Dog is not only a working dog but an essential part of Croatian cultural heritage, symbolizing the connection between Croats and their land and pastoral tradition. At festivals and celebrations in Eastern Croatia, this breed often holds a place of honor, reflecting its long-standing role in Croatian life. A notable depiction of the breed can be seen in Vinkovci, in Josip Kozarac Street, where a monument to St. Roko shows the saint with a dog of curly fur and about 45 cm in height. Though the sculptor is unknown, the statue was restored in 1935 and is believed to be around 200 years old.
Today, the Croatian Shepherd Dog continues to win hearts worldwide, serving not only as a loyal working dog but also as a living symbol of Croatia’s rich history and tradition.
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